![]() ![]() ![]() Sartre developed his ideas further in Being and Nothingness (1943). It is only more intimate." These ideas formed the springboard for a radical critique of introspection, self-knowledge, and inner life. It is a being of the world, like the ego of another." The subject does not possess himself and consciousness, "defined by intentionality," provides no privileged self- knowledge because, as Sartre writes, "My I, in effect, is no more certain for consciousness than the I of other men. Sartre's first major work, The Transcendence of the Ego (1936-1937) published in English in 1957, called into question the interiority of consciousness and, based on Edmund Husserl's phenomenology, he wrote that "the ego is neither formally nor materially in consciousness: it is outside, in the world. He was awarded, but declined, the Nobel Prize for literature in 1964. French philosopher, novelist, and playwright Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980) attended theÉcole Normale Supérieure, received his accreditation in philosophy, and was a resident at the Institut Français in Berlin during 1933-34. ![]()
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